update diagram (added Simulink)

Formatted top diagrams

.gitignore

@@ -49,3 +49,15 @@ soc_rfsoc_top_sw_ert_rtw/
 # SimBiology backup files
 *.sbproj.backup
 *.sbproj.bak
+
+/codegen_fracFdpw/fracF_dpw0_ert_rtw/
+
+/codegen_fracFdpw/fracF_dpw0
+
+/codegen_fracFdpw/FrFT_ert_rtw/
+
+/codegen_fracFdpw/TBm_fracFdpw_ert_rtw/
+
+/codegen_fracFdpw/FrFT
+
+*.lock

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+# 📡 RFSoC Channelizer + PS Processing (R-ESM Prototype)
+
+## Overview
+
+This project is based on the RFSoC SoC Blockset reference design, adapted as a prototype for a Radar Electronic Support Measures (R-ESM) receiver.
+
+The system implements a high-throughput signal chain in the FPGA (PL) and performs frame-based processing in the processor (PS).
+
+---
+
+## Current Status
+
+- Tx subsystem: LFM pulse generator (DDS-based, complex output)
+- Rx subsystem: fully functional channelizer pipeline (PFB-based) or bypass
+- PL → PS interface: AXI4-Stream + DMA operational
+- PS processing: frame-based algorithm on a Data Process Window (DPW)
+
+---
+
+## System Architecture
+
+Tx (PL)  
+→ Waveform Generator (LFM / CW / Pulsed)  
+→ DAC  
+→ RF Loopback / Input  
+
+Rx (PL)   
+→ ADC  
+→ Channelizer (PFB, 512 bins) / Bypass / Counter  
+→ Capture (frame control)  
+→ AXI4-Stream (128-bit, 4 samples/clock)  
+→ DMA (S2MM)  
+→ PS Memory  
+→ Processor Algorithm
+
+Post Processing (PS)  
+→ Triggered Capture  
+→ Sample Unpacking (I/Q)  
+→ Data Reshaping → [FrameSize x nFrames x nTriggers]  
+→ Host Communication / Processing / Visualization
+→ One DPW is a windows of FrameSize x nFrames samples
+
+![High-level system architecture](./docs/img/resm_diagram.svg)
+
+---
+
+## Key Parameters
+
+- ADC Sampling Rate: 4096 MSPS  
+- Decimation: 8  
+- Effective BW: 512 MHz  
+- Channels (FFT size): 512  
+- Samples per clock: 4  
+- FPGA clock: 128 MHz  
+- Frame size (PS): 512 samples  
+
+---
+
+## 📚 Documentation
+
+### FPGA (PL)
+
+- [Tx Subsystem (Pulse Generator)](docs/pl_tx_subsystem.md)
+- [Rx Subsystem (Channelizer)](docs/pl_rx_subsystem.md)
+
+### Processor (PS)
+
+- [PS Subsystem](docs/ps_subsystem.md)
+
+---
+
+## System Flow
+
+Tx → Rx → PS
+
+- Tx generates waveform  
+- Rx captures and channelizes  
+- PS processes frames  
+
+---
+
+## Roadmap
+
+1. Functional FrFT (PS)
+2. Profiling
+3. NEON optimization
+4. Throughput tuning
+5. PL acceleration
+
+---
+
+## Key Takeaway
+
+First make it work end-to-end, then make it fast.

codegen_fracFdpw/TBc_fracFdpwLFM.m

@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+%% Test fracF_dpw using a physical LFM
+%
+% Parameters chosen to match previous FrFT validation work:
+%
+%   Fs   = 512 MHz
+%   T    = 1 us
+%   B    = 64 MHz
+%
+% Matched FrFT order:
+%
+%   a = -(2/pi)*atan(Fs/(beta*T))
+%
+% where:
+%
+%   beta = B/T
+%
+% Notes:
+%   - FFT is computed on the original (non-interpolated) signal.
+%   - FrFT is computed on the interpolated signal.
+%   - Power spectra are averaged across the entire DPW.
+
+clearvars -except out
+clc
+close all
+
+%% Signal parameters
+
+N       = 512;
+Nframes = 1024;
+
+Fs = single(512e6);
+T  = single(1e-6);
+
+B    = single(32e6);
+beta = B/T;
+
+%% Time axis
+
+t = single((-N/2:N/2-1).') / Fs;
+
+%% Generate LFM
+
+x = exp(1j*pi*beta*(t.^2));
+
+x = complex(single(real(x)), ...
+            single(imag(x)));
+
+%% Create DPW
+
+X = repmat(x,1,Nframes);
+
+%% Interpolate exactly as Simulink
+
+halfbandInterp = dsp.FIRHalfbandInterpolator;
+
+Xint = halfbandInterp(X);
+
+%% Matched FrFT order
+
+aMatch = single(-(2/pi)*atan(Fs/(beta*T)));
+
+fprintf('\n');
+fprintf('Fs      = %.3f MHz\n',double(Fs)/1e6);
+fprintf('T       = %.3f us\n',double(T)*1e6);
+fprintf('B       = %.3f MHz\n',double(B)/1e6);
+fprintf('aMatch  = %.6f\n',double(aMatch));
+
+%% FFT reference
+%
+% FFT detector operates on the original non-interpolated signal.
+
+FFTref = fftshift(fft(X,[],1),1)/N;
+
+%% FrFT
+%
+% FrFT detector operates on the interpolated signal.
+
+[Achirp,H,Cchirp,Aa] = fracF_init(aMatch);
+
+Ffrft = fracF_dpw( ...
+    Xint,...
+    Achirp,...
+    H,...
+    Cchirp,...
+    Aa);
+
+%% Mean power spectrum across the DPW
+
+Pfft = mean(abs(FFTref).^2,2);
+
+Pfrft = mean(abs(Ffrft).^2,2);
+
+%% Peak comparison
+
+peakFFT  = max(Pfft);
+peakFrFT = max(Pfrft);
+
+gain_dB = 10*log10(double(peakFrFT/peakFFT));
+
+fprintf('\n');
+fprintf('FFT peak power       : %.6f\n',double(peakFFT));
+fprintf('FrFT peak power      : %.6f\n',double(peakFrFT));
+fprintf('Processing gain      : %.3f dB\n',gain_dB);
+
+%% Normalize spectra for display
+
+Pfft_dB = 10*log10(Pfft/max(Pfft));
+
+Pfrft_dB = 10*log10(Pfrft/max(Pfrft));
+
+%% Display averaged spectra
+
+figure
+
+subplot(2,1,1)
+
+plot(Pfft_dB)
+
+grid on
+
+ylim([-60 5])
+
+title('FFT Mean Power Spectrum')
+xlabel('FFT Bin')
+ylabel('Power (dB)')
+
+subplot(2,1,2)
+
+plot(Pfrft_dB)
+
+grid on
+
+ylim([-60 5])
+
+title(sprintf('FrFT Mean Power Spectrum (a = %.6f)', ...
+      double(aMatch)))
+
+xlabel('FrFT Bin')
+ylabel('Power (dB)')
+
+%% Report peak locations
+
+[~,idxFFT]  = max(Pfft);
+[~,idxFrFT] = max(Pfrft);
+
+fprintf('\n');
+fprintf('FFT peak bin        : %d\n',idxFFT);
+fprintf('FrFT peak bin       : %d\n',idxFrFT);
+fprintf('\n');
+
+%% Compare TBc against TBm (optional)
+%
+% If the Simulink model has been executed and produced out.Fsim,
+% compare both implementations.
+
+if exist('out','var')
+
+    fprintf('\n');
+    fprintf('TBc vs TBm Comparison\n');
+    fprintf('---------------------\n');
+
+    Ftbm = out.Fsim;
+
+    %% Dimension check
+
+    fprintf('TBc size : [%d %d]\n', ...
+            size(Ffrft,1), size(Ffrft,2));
+
+    fprintf('TBm size : [%d %d]\n', ...
+            size(Ftbm,1), size(Ftbm,2));
+
+    assert(isequal(size(Ffrft),size(Ftbm)), ...
+           'TBc and TBm dimensions differ.');
+
+    %% Error metrics
+
+    err = Ftbm - Ffrft;
+
+    maxErr = max(abs(err(:)));
+
+    rmsErr = sqrt(mean(abs(err(:)).^2));
+
+    refPeak = max(abs(Ffrft(:)));
+
+    relErr = maxErr / refPeak;
+
+    %% Results
+
+    fprintf('\n');
+    fprintf('Reference peak    : %.9g\n',double(refPeak));
+    fprintf('Maximum error     : %.9g\n',double(maxErr));
+    fprintf('RMS error         : %.9g\n',double(rmsErr));
+    fprintf('Relative error    : %.9g\n',double(relErr));
+
+    if maxErr == 0
+
+        fprintf('\nPASS: Outputs are bit-identical.\n');
+
+    elseif relErr < 1e-5
+
+        fprintf('\nPASS: Outputs are numerically equivalent.\n');
+
+    else
+
+        fprintf('\nWARNING: Outputs differ.\n');
+
+    end
+
+    %% Visual comparison
+
+    frameIdx = 1;
+
+    figure
+
+    subplot(3,1,1)
+
+    plot(abs(Ffrft(:,frameIdx)))
+
+    grid on
+
+    title('TBc Output')
+    xlabel('Bin')
+    ylabel('|F|')
+
+    subplot(3,1,2)
+
+    plot(abs(Ftbm(:,frameIdx)))
+
+    grid on
+
+    title('TBm Output')
+    xlabel('Bin')
+    ylabel('|F|')
+
+    subplot(3,1,3)
+
+    plot(abs(Ftbm(:,frameIdx) - Ffrft(:,frameIdx)))
+
+    grid on
+
+    title('Absolute Error')
+    xlabel('Bin')
+    ylabel('|Error|')
+
+    %% Mean power spectrum comparison
+
+    Ptbc = mean(abs(Ffrft).^2,2);
+
+    Ptbm = mean(abs(Ftbm).^2,2);
+
+    Ptbc_dB = 10*log10(Ptbc/max(Ptbc));
+
+    Ptbm_dB = 10*log10(Ptbm/max(Ptbm));
+
+    figure
+
+    plot(Ptbc_dB,'LineWidth',1.5)
+
+    hold on
+
+    plot(Ptbm_dB,'--','LineWidth',1.5)
+
+    grid on
+
+    ylim([-60 5])
+
+    xlabel('Bin')
+    ylabel('Power (dB)')
+
+    title('TBc vs TBm Mean Power Spectrum')
+
+    legend('TBc','TBm')
+
+else
+
+    fprintf('\n');
+    fprintf('TBm comparison skipped (out.Fsim not found).\n');
+
+end

codegen_fracFdpw/TBc_fracFdpwNO.m

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+%% fracF_dpw verification
+%
+% Verifies numerical equivalence between:
+%   - fracF_cg()  : single-frame implementation
+%   - fracF_dpw() : DPW-aware implementation
+%
+% The test processes a full DPW of random complex data and compares the
+% outputs sample-by-sample.
+
+clear
+clc
+
+%% Test parameters
+
+a = single(1);
+
+N       = 1024;
+Nframes = 1024;
+
+%% Precompute FrFT coefficients
+
+[Achirp,H,Cchirp,Aa] = fracF_init(a);
+
+%% Generate random complex DPW
+
+X = complex( ...
+    randn(N,Nframes,'single'), ...
+    randn(N,Nframes,'single'));
+
+%% DPW implementation
+
+Fdpw = fracF_dpw( ...
+    X,...
+    Achirp,...
+    H,...
+    Cchirp,...
+    Aa);
+
+%% Reference implementation
+
+Fref = complex(zeros(512,Nframes,'single'));
+
+for k = 1:Nframes
+    Fref(:,k) = fracF_cg(X(:,k),a);
+end
+
+%% Error metrics
+
+err = Fdpw - Fref;
+
+maxErr = max(abs(err(:)));
+rmsErr = sqrt(mean(abs(err(:)).^2));
+
+%% Results
+
+fprintf('\n');
+fprintf('FrFT DPW Verification\n');
+fprintf('---------------------\n');
+fprintf('Order (a)      : %.6f\n',a);
+fprintf('Frame size     : %d\n',N);
+fprintf('Number frames  : %d\n',Nframes);
+fprintf('Max error      : %.9g\n',double(maxErr));
+fprintf('RMS error      : %.9g\n',double(rmsErr));
+
+if maxErr == 0
+    fprintf('\nPASS: Outputs are bit-identical.\n');
+else
+    fprintf('\nPASS: Outputs are numerically equivalent.\n');
+end

codegen_fracFdpw/fracF_dpw.m

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+function F = fracF_dpw(f,...
+                       Achirp,...
+                       H,...
+                       Cchirp,...
+                       Aa)
+%#codegen
+%% fracF_dpw  Fractional Fourier Transform for an entire DPW
+%
+%   F = fracF_dpw(f,Achirp,H,Cchirp,Aa)
+%
+%   Computes the Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT) of all frames in a
+%   Digital Processing Window (DPW) using a matrix-oriented implementation.
+%
+%   The algorithm follows the same chirp-convolution-chirp formulation as
+%   fracF_cg(), but processes all DPW frames simultaneously. Each column of
+%   the input matrix is treated as an independent frame, following the same
+%   "columns are channels" convention used by DSP System Toolbox blocks.
+%
+%   Processing chain:
+%
+%       f
+%        ↓
+%     Achirp
+%        ↓
+%     Zero-pad
+%        ↓
+%        FFT
+%        ↓
+%         H
+%        ↓
+%       IFFT
+%        ↓
+%     Extract
+%        ↓
+%     Cchirp
+%        ↓
+%        Aa
+%        ↓
+%         F
+%
+%   INPUTS
+%       f        [1024 x Nframes] complex(single)
+%                Interpolated DPW. Each column corresponds to one frame.
+%
+%       Achirp   [1024 x 1] complex(single)
+%                Pre-multiplication chirp (A chirp).
+%
+%       H        [2048 x 1] complex(single)
+%                FFT of the convolution chirp (B chirp).
+%
+%       Cchirp   [512 x 1] complex(single)
+%                Post-multiplication chirp (C chirp).
+%
+%       Aa       scalar complex(single)
+%                FrFT amplitude factor (A_alpha).
+%
+%   OUTPUT
+%       F        [512 x Nframes] complex(single)
+%                FrFT result for all DPW frames.
+%
+%   Notes
+%       - Input length is fixed at N = 1024 samples.
+%       - Output length is N/2 = 512 samples.
+%       - All DPW frames are processed simultaneously.
+%       - Numerically equivalent to applying fracF_cg() independently to
+%         each column of the input matrix.
+%       - Intended for code generation and RFSoC PS deployment.
+%
+%   See also:
+%       fracF_init
+%       fracF_cg
+
+%% Fixed transform dimensions
+
+N    = 1024;
+Nfft = 2048;
+
+%% DPW dimensions
+
+Nframes = size(f,2);
+
+%% Pre-multiplication chirp (A chirp)
+
+g = f .* Achirp;
+
+%% Zero-padding
+%
+% Extend each frame from N to Nfft samples to perform the linear
+% convolution through frequency-domain multiplication.
+
+g_pad = complex(zeros(Nfft,Nframes,'single'));
+
+g_pad(1:N,:) = g;
+
+%% Frequency-domain convolution
+%
+% Compute the convolution with the B chirp using the FFT method.
+
+Gfft = fft(g_pad);
+
+G = ifft(Gfft .* H);
+
+%% Extract valid convolution region and decimate
+%
+% The Ozaktas formulation requires only the valid portion of the
+% convolution result, followed by a factor-of-two decimation.
+
+G_valid = G(N+1:2:end,:);
+
+%% Post-multiplication chirp (C chirp)
+%
+% Apply the final chirp and amplitude factor to obtain the FrFT output.
+
+F = Aa .* G_valid .* Cchirp;
+
+end

codegen_fracFdpw/fracF_init.m

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+function [Achirp,H,Cchirp,Aa] = fracF_init(a)
+%#codegen
+%% fracF_init  Precompute FrFT coefficients
+%
+%   [Achirp,H,Cchirp,Aa] = fracF_init(a)
+%
+%   Generates the constant coefficients required by the code-generation
+%   implementation of the Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT).
+%
+%   The implementation follows the chirp-convolution-chirp formulation:
+%
+%       f(n)
+%         ↓
+%      Achirp
+%         ↓
+%        FFT
+%         ↓
+%      H = FFT(Bchirp)
+%         ↓
+%       IFFT
+%         ↓
+%      Cchirp
+%         ↓
+%         Aa
+%         ↓
+%       F_a(n)
+%
+%   These coefficients depend only on the transform order 'a' and can
+%   therefore be computed once and reused for all frames within a DPW.
+%
+%   INPUT
+%       a       FrFT order (single)
+%
+%   OUTPUTS
+%       Achirp  [1024 x 1] pre-multiplication chirp (A chirp)
+%       H       [2048 x 1] FFT of the convolution chirp (B chirp)
+%       Cchirp  [512  x 1] post-multiplication chirp (C chirp)
+%       Aa      scalar FrFT amplitude factor (A_alpha)
+%
+%   Notes
+%       - Input length is assumed to be N = 1024 samples.
+%       - Output length is N/2 = 512 samples.
+%       - All outputs are returned as complex(single).
+%       - Intended for use with fracF_dpw().
+%
+%   See also:
+%       fracF_dpw
+
+%% Fixed transform dimensions
+
+N = 1024;
+
+%% Transform parameters
+
+pi_s = single(pi);
+
+phi = a * (pi_s/2);
+
+tan_half_phi = tan(phi/2);
+sin_phi      = sin(phi);
+cos_phi      = cos(phi);
+
+csc_phi = 1/sin_phi;
+cot_phi = cos_phi/sin_phi;
+
+two_delta = 2*sqrt(single(N)/2);
+
+%% Pre-multiplication chirp (A chirp)
+
+n = single((-N/2:N/2-1).') / two_delta;
+
+Achirp = exp(-1j*pi_s*(n.^2)*tan_half_phi);
+
+%% Convolution chirp (B chirp)
+
+m = single((-N:N-1).') / two_delta;
+
+Bchirp = exp(1j*pi_s*csc_phi*(m.^2));
+
+%% Frequency-domain convolution kernel
+%
+% H corresponds to FFT(Bchirp) and is used in the frequency-domain
+% implementation of the chirp convolution.
+
+H = fft(Bchirp);
+
+%% Post-multiplication chirp (C chirp)
+%
+% Since the implementation extracts every other sample from the valid
+% convolution region, only the corresponding chirp samples are required.
+
+Cchirp = Achirp(1:2:end);
+
+%% FrFT amplitude factor (A_alpha)
+
+Aa = sqrt(1 - 1j*cot_phi) / two_delta;
+
+%% Force complex(single) outputs
+%
+% Explicit casting avoids unintended promotion to double precision and
+% ensures deterministic code generation.
+
+Achirp = complex(single(real(Achirp)), ...
+                 single(imag(Achirp)));
+
+H = complex(single(real(H)), ...
+            single(imag(H)));
+
+Cchirp = complex(single(real(Cchirp)), ...
+                 single(imag(Cchirp)));
+
+Aa = complex(single(real(Aa)), ...
+             single(imag(Aa)));
+
+end

codegen_frft/TBc_lfm_fracF.m

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+  %% FrFT Validation Script (Reference vs Original)
+% Author: Canisio Barth
+
+clear; clc; close all;
+
+%% Parameters
+Fs = 512e6;          % Sampling rate
+T  = 1e-6;           % Signal duration
+N  = Fs*T;           % 512 samples
+
+n = (0:N-1).';
+t = (n - N/2)/ Fs;
+
+% Beta range (Hz/s)
+betas = (-32e12 : 8e12 : 32e12);
+
+% Order sweep (for heatmap)
+a_vec = linspace( 0.5,  1.5, 100);
+
+% Center frequency 
+f0 = 0e6;   % center frequency (Hz) — set as needed
+
+%% ============================================================
+%% A) HEATMAP (single chirp, order sweep)
+%% ============================================================
+
+beta0 = 64e12; % pick one chirp for visualization
+
+% Generate LFM chirp
+x = exp(1j*(2*pi*f0*t + pi*beta0*t.^2));
+
+% External interpolation (IMPORTANT)
+x_interp = bizinter(x);
+
+N_interp = length(x_interp);
+N_out = N_interp/2; % after decimation
+
+% Allocate
+FrFT_map_ref = zeros(N_out, length(a_vec));
+FrFT_map_cmp = zeros(N_out, length(a_vec));
+
+for k = 1:length(a_vec)
+    a = a_vec(k);
+
+    % Reference
+    y_ref = fracF_ref(x_interp, a);
+    %y_ref = fracF_cg(x_interp, a);
+
+    % Comparison (original / other implementation)
+    %y_cmp = fracF_cg(x_interp, a);
+    y_cmp = fracF_cg_mex(single(x_interp), single(a));
+
+    FrFT_map_ref(:,k) = y_ref;
+    FrFT_map_cmp(:,k) = double(y_cmp);
+end
+
+% Global relative error
+rel_err_global = norm(FrFT_map_ref(:) - FrFT_map_cmp(:)) / ...
+                 norm(FrFT_map_ref(:));
+
+fprintf('Global relative error: %.3e\n', rel_err_global);
+
+% Plot - Reference
+figure;
+imagesc(a_vec, -N_out/2:N_out/2-1, abs(FrFT_map_ref) / sqrt(N));
+axis xy;
+xlabel('Order a');
+ylabel('Index');
+title('FrFT Magnitude (Reference)');
+colorbar;
+
+% Plot - Comparison
+figure;
+imagesc(a_vec, -N_out/2:N_out/2-1, abs(FrFT_map_cmp) / sqrt(N));
+axis xy;
+xlabel('Order a');
+ylabel('Index');
+title('FrFT Magnitude (Comparison)');
+colorbar;
+
+% Plot - Difference
+figure;
+rel_err_map = abs(FrFT_map_ref - FrFT_map_cmp) ./ ...
+              (abs(FrFT_map_ref) + eps);
+
+imagesc(a_vec, -N_out/2:N_out/2-1, rel_err_map);
+axis xy;
+xlabel('Order a');
+ylabel('Index');
+title('Absolute Difference |Ref - Cmp|');
+colorbar;
+
+
+%% ============================================================
+%% B) PEAK VS BETA (matched order)
+%% ============================================================
+
+peak_ref = zeros(size(betas));
+peak_cmp = zeros(size(betas));
+
+for i = 1:length(betas)
+    beta = betas(i);
+
+    % Generate chirp
+    x = exp(1j*(2*pi*f0*t + pi*beta*t.^2));
+
+    % External interpolation
+    x_interp = bizinter(x);
+
+    % Matched order
+    a = -(2/pi)*atan(Fs/(beta*T));
+
+    % Compute FrFT
+    y_ref = fracF_ref(x_interp, a);
+    %y_ref = fracF_cg(x_interp, a);
+    
+    %y_cmp = fracF_cg(x_interp, a);
+    y_cmp = fracF_cg_mex(single(x_interp), single(a));
+
+    % Normalized peak magnitude
+    peak_ref(i) = max(abs(y_ref)) / sqrt(N);
+    peak_cmp(i) = max(abs(y_cmp)) / sqrt(N);
+end
+
+% Plot peaks
+figure;
+plot(betas/1e12, peak_ref, 'o-', 'LineWidth', 1.5); hold on;
+plot(betas/1e12, peak_cmp, 's--', 'LineWidth', 1.5);
+xlabel('\beta (MHz/\mus)');
+ylabel('Peak Magnitude');
+title('Peak vs Chirp Rate');
+legend('Reference','Comparison');
+grid on;
+
+% Plot relative error
+figure;
+rel_err = abs(peak_ref - peak_cmp) ./ peak_ref;
+plot(betas/1e12, rel_err, 'o-', 'LineWidth', 1.5);
+xlabel('\beta (MHz/\mus)');
+ylabel('Relative Error');
+title('Relative Error between Implementations');
+grid on;

codegen_frft/bizinter.m

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+function xint=bizinter(x)
+
+N=length(x);
+im = 0;
+if sum(abs(imag(x)))>0
+  im = 1;
+  imx = imag(x);
+  x  = real(x);
+end
+
+x2=x(:);
+x2=[x2.'; zeros(1,N)];
+x2=x2(:);
+xf=fft(x2);
+if rem(N,2)==1      %N = odd
+	N1=fix(N/2+1); N2=2*N-fix(N/2)+1;
+	xint=2*real(ifft([xf(1:N1); zeros(N,1)  ;xf(N2:2*N)].'));
+else
+	xint=2*real(ifft([xf(1:N/2); zeros(N,1)  ;xf(2*N-N/2+1:2*N)].'));
+end
+if ( im == 1)
+ x2=imx(:);
+ x2=[x2.'; zeros(1,N)];
+ x2=x2(:);
+ xf=fft(x2);
+ if rem(N,2)==1      %N = odd
+	N1=fix(N/2+1); N2=2*N-fix(N/2)+1;
+	xmint=2*real(ifft([xf(1:N1); zeros(N,1)  ;xf(N2:2*N)].'));
+ else
+	xmint=2*real(ifft([xf(1:N/2); zeros(N,1)  ;xf(2*N-N/2+1:2*N)].'));
+ end
+ xint = xint + 1j*xmint;
+end
+
+xint = xint(:);
+
+end

codegen_frft/fracF_cg.m

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+function F = fracF_cg(f, a)
+%#codegen
+%% fracF_cg Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT) - codegen-ready version
+%
+%   Author: Canisio Barth
+%
+%   F = fracF_cg(f, a) computes the Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT)
+%   of the input signal 'f' for a single transform order 'a'.
+%
+%   This version is adapted for MATLAB Coder and hardware-oriented workflows.
+%
+%   Key characteristics:
+%       - Fixed input size: [1024 x 1] complex(single)
+%       - Output size: [512 x 1] complex(single)
+%       - Assumes input 'f' is already interpolated externally
+%       - No input validation (assumes valid scalar 'a' in core region)
+%       - Deterministic execution (no branching, no dynamic allocation)
+%
+%   INPUTS:
+%       f   - [1024 x 1] complex(single)
+%       a   - scalar single
+%
+%   OUTPUTS:
+%       F   - [512 x 1] complex(single)
+%
+%   Notes:
+%       - Internal FFT size = 2048
+%       - Designed for code generation and future FPGA mapping
+
+% Fixed sizes
+N    = 1024;
+%N2   = 512;
+Nfft = 2048;
+
+% Ensure types
+pi_s = single(pi);
+
+% Transform parameter
+phi = a * (pi_s / 2);
+
+% Precompute trig terms
+tan_half_phi = tan(phi / 2);
+sin_phi = sin(phi);
+cos_phi = cos(phi);
+
+csc_phi = 1 / sin_phi;
+cot_phi = cos_phi / sin_phi;
+
+twoDelta = 2 * sqrt(single(N) / 2);
+
+%% === Chirp A ===
+n = single((-N/2:N/2-1).') / twoDelta;
+
+Achirp = exp(-1j * pi_s * (n .* n) * tan_half_phi);
+
+%% Chirp multiplication #1
+g = Achirp .* f;
+
+%% === Chirp B ===
+m = single((-N:N-1).') / twoDelta;
+
+Bchirp = exp(1j * pi_s * csc_phi .* (m .* m));
+
+%% === Zero-padded buffer ===
+g_pad = complex(zeros(Nfft,1,'single'));
+g_pad(1:N) = g;
+
+%% === FFT convolution ===
+G = ifft( fft(g_pad) .* fft(Bchirp) );
+
+%% Extract valid part and decimate
+G_valid = G(N+1:2:end);   % [512 x 1]
+
+%% Complex phase constant
+Aphi = sqrt(1 - 1j * cot_phi);
+
+%% === Chirp multiplication #2 ===
+F = (Aphi / twoDelta) .* G_valid .* Achirp(1:2:end);
+
+end

codegen_frft/fracF_ref.m

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+function [F] = fracF_ref(f, a)
+%% fracF_ref Reference Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT) implementation
+%
+%   Author: Canisio Barth
+%
+%   F = fracF_ref(f, a) computes the Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT)
+%   of the input signal 'f' for a single transform order 'a'.
+%
+%   This function serves as a reference (golden model) for validation and
+%   comparison against future code generation and hardware-oriented
+%   implementations.
+%
+%   Key characteristics:
+%       - Scalar transform order 'a' (no vector support).
+%       - Assumes input signal 'f' is already interpolated externally.
+%       - Maintains original algorithm structure, including internal
+%         decimation after convolution.
+%       - Uses full MATLAB flexibility (not yet restricted for codegen).
+%
+%   INPUTS:
+%       f   - Input signal, [N x 1] column vector.
+%             IMPORTANT: 'f' must already be interpolated (expanded signal).
+%
+%       a   - Scalar transform order.
+%             Expected to satisfy: 0.5 < |a| < 1.5
+%
+%   OUTPUTS:
+%       F   - Fractional Fourier Transform, [(N/2) x 1] column vector.
+%             (Decimated output, consistent with original algorithm.)
+%
+%   LIMITATIONS:
+%       - No internal interpolation is performed.
+%       - Only valid for scalar 'a'.
+%       - Assumes caller enforces correct parameter range and signal format.
+%
+%   See also: fracF (Ozaktas)
+
+% Validate scalar 'a'
+if ~isscalar(a)
+    error('Parameter ''a'' must be scalar.');
+end
+
+% Range check (core region)
+if abs(a) < 0.5 || abs(a) > 1.5
+    error('Parameter ''a'' must be within the interval [0.5, 1.5].');
+end
+
+N = length(f); % already interpolated length
+
+% Transform parameter
+twoDelta = 2 * sqrt(N/2);
+phi = a * pi / 2;
+
+% === Chirp A ===
+n = ((-N/2:N/2-1) / twoDelta).';
+Achirp = exp(-1j * pi * (n .* n) * tan(phi/2));
+
+% Chirp multiplication #1
+g = Achirp .* f;
+
+% === Chirp B ===
+m = ((-N:N-1) / twoDelta).';
+Bchirp = exp(1j * pi * csc(phi) .* (m .* m));
+
+% === Chirp convolution ===
+G = ifft(fft([g; zeros(N,1)]) .* fft(Bchirp));
+
+% Extract valid part and decimate
+G = G(end/2+1:2:end);
+
+% Complex phase constant
+Aphi = sqrt(1 - 1j * cot(phi));
+
+% === Chirp multiplication #2 ===
+F = (Aphi / twoDelta) .* G .* Achirp(1:2:end);
+
+end

docs/img/resm_diagram.drawio

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docs/pl_rx_subsystem.md

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+# 📡 PL Rx Subsystem (Channelizer)
+
+[🏠 Project Home](../README.md)
+
+---
+
+## Overview
+
+The Rx subsystem implements a **polyphase filter bank (PFB) channelizer** followed by FFT processing, a **bypass path**, and a **multi-frame capture pipeline**.
+
+It converts wideband ADC input into frequency-domain channels (or raw samples via bypass) and streams the result to the PS.
+
+---
+
+## Architecture
+
+### Channelizer Path (default)
+
+ADC  
+ ↓  
+PFB Channelizer (Decimation + Filtering)  
+ ↓  
+FFT (512 bins)  
+ ↓  
+Capture (frame control)  
+ ↓  
+AXI4-Stream (128-bit, 4 samples/clock)  
+ ↓  
+DMA
+
+---
+
+### Bypass Path (Debug / Raw Data)
+
+ADC  
+ ↓  
+Bypass Path  
+ ↓  
+Capture (frame control)  
+ ↓  
+AXI4-Stream (128-bit, 4 samples/clock)  
+ ↓  
+DMA
+
+---
+
+## Capture Pipeline
+
+- Multi-frame acquisition (configurable nFrames)
+- Frame size: 512 samples
+- Supports asynchronous capture start (not frame-aligned)
+- TLAST asserted at frame boundaries
+
+### Behavior
+
+- First frame may be partial
+- Frames may contain ≤ 2 frame indices (expected)
+- DPW spans nFrames frames but covers nFrames + 1 frame regions
+
+---
+
+## Processing Chain (Channelizer Mode)
+
+### ADC Input
+- Sampling rate: 4096 MSPS
+- Data type: **fixdt(1,16,15)** (Q1.15)
+
+### PFB Channelizer
+- Decimation: 8
+- Effective bandwidth: 512 MHz
+
+### FFT
+- Size: 512
+- Produces frequency bins
+
+### Capture
+- Defines frame boundaries (512 samples)
+- Generates TLAST
+
+---
+
+## Numeric Format and Scaling
+
+### System Standardization
+
+- End-to-end Q1.15 (**fixdt(1,16,15)**)
+
+### Channelizer Output Scaling
+
+- Native: **sFix25_En23**
+- Quantized to: **fixdt(1,16,15)** (round + saturate)
+
+---
+
+## Data Packing (Updated)
+
+- 4 samples per clock
+- Each sample: complex (16-bit real + 16-bit imag)
+- Packed into **128-bit AXI4-Stream word**
+
+Benefits:
+- Matches datapath parallelism
+- Efficient DMA transfers
+- Eliminates need for serializer stage
+
+---
+
+## AXI4-Stream Output
+
+- Width: 128 bits
+- Contains 4 complex samples per cycle
+- TLAST = frame boundary
+
+---
+
+## Debug / Validation Features
+
+A counter-based debug mode is implemented:
+
+- Real part → sample counter (0..511)
+- Imag part → frame index
+
+Used to validate:
+- Sample continuity
+- Frame boundaries
+- DMA ordering and integrity
+
+---
+
+## Key Characteristics
+
+- Fully streaming pipeline
+- Deterministic latency
+- High throughput (4 samples/clock)
+- Dual-mode operation (channelizer / bypass)
+- Validated up to nFrames = 1024
+
+---
+
+## 🔗 Related Components
+
+- [🏠 Project Home](../README.md)
+- [PL Tx Subsystem](pl_tx_subsystem.md)
+- [PS Subsystem](ps_subsystem.md)

docs/pl_tx_subsystem.md

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+# 📡 PL Tx Subsystem (Pulse & Continuous LFM Generator)
+
+[🏠 Project Home](../README.md)
+
+---
+
+## Overview
+
+The Tx subsystem implements a **pulse-based and continuous Linear Frequency Modulated (LFM) chirp generator** using a DDS/NCO architecture in the FPGA (PL).
+
+The generator produces **complex baseband output**:
+
+x[n] = exp(j·φ[n])
+
+and operates deterministically in the PL after a trigger from the PS.
+
+---
+
+## Architecture
+
+TxPulseStart (PS)  
+        ↓  
+pulse_gen_ctrl (FSM)  
+        ↓  
+   tx_active  
+        ↓  
+Phase Increment Logic  
+        ↓  
+      NCO (DDS)  
+        ↓  
+   Complex Output (I/Q)
+
+---
+
+## Operating Modes
+
+The subsystem now supports multiple Tx modes:
+
+### 1. Pulsed LFM (default)
+
+- Chirp generated only during pulse window
+- Phase resets at each pulse start
+- Standard radar burst operation
+
+---
+
+### 2. CW Mode (Continuous Wave)
+
+- `tx_active = 1` continuously
+- Generates a single-tone output
+- Achieved by setting constant phase increment
+
+---
+
+### 3. Continuous LFM (Workaround Implementation)
+
+- `tx_active` forced HIGH continuously  
+- A **1-cycle LOW pulse** is inserted periodically  
+- This LOW→HIGH transition **resets the NCO**
+
+Result:
+- Continuous chirp
+- Bounded bandwidth
+- Periodic repetition of LFM
+
+---
+
+## Chirp Generation Principle
+
+The chirp is generated using a second-order phase accumulator:
+
+Δφ[n] = Δφ[n−1] + step  
+φ[n]  = φ[n−1] + Δφ[n]
+
+This results in a linear frequency sweep.
+
+---
+
+## Parameterization (PS → PL)
+
+Inputs:
+
+- Center frequency: Fc  
+- Bandwidth: B  
+- Pulse width: N (samples)
+
+Derived internally:
+
+f_start = Fc − B/2  
+step    = B / (N − 1)
+
+These values are converted to DDS phase increments before being written to PL registers.
+
+---
+
+## Pulse Timing (FSM)
+
+States:
+
+- IDLE: waits for trigger and latches parameters  
+- ACTIVE: generates pulses  
+- DONE: waits for trigger reset  
+
+---
+
+## Timing Behavior
+
+### Pulsed Mode
+
+|<------ PRI ------>|
+|<-- pulse -->| idle |
+
+- tx_active = 1 → chirp output  
+- tx_active = 0 → output zero  
+
+---
+
+### Continuous LFM Mode
+
+tx_active behavior:
+
+1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 ...
+
+- 1-cycle LOW inserted at end of chirp period  
+- Rising edge resets NCO  
+- Defines chirp repetition interval  
+
+---
+
+## CW / Continuous LFM Implementation Details
+
+- CW mode bypasses FSM output
+- A dedicated counter generates periodic reset pulses
+- Reset timing is based on `pulse_width_cycles`
+
+Important:
+
+- Reset pulse is exactly **1 clock cycle**
+- Ensures deterministic NCO restart
+- Decoupled from PRI/FSM timing
+
+---
+
+## Burst Trigger (PS Interaction)
+
+- Controlled via TxPulseStart (memory-mapped register)
+- Rising edge triggers burst
+- PL runs autonomously afterward
+
+---
+
+## Key Characteristics
+
+- Deterministic timing (128 MHz)
+- Efficient DDS (adder-based)
+- Complex output (I/Q)
+- Supports:
+  - Pulsed radar mode
+  - Continuous wave (CW)
+  - Continuous LFM (periodic chirp)
+
+---
+
+## Design Notes
+
+- FSM controls **timing (when to transmit)**
+- NCO controls **frequency evolution**
+- Continuous LFM implemented via **tx_active edge reuse**
+- Minimal hardware overhead (no additional NCO logic)
+
+---
+
+## 🔗 Related Components
+
+- [🏠 Project Home](../README.md)
+- [PL Rx Subsystem](pl_rx_subsystem.md)
+- [PS Subsystem](ps_subsystem.md)

docs/ps_subsystem.md

@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+# 🧠 PS Subsystem (Control + Capture + Processing)
+
+[🏠 Project Home](../README.md)
+
+---
+
+## Overview
+
+The PS subsystem is responsible for:
+
+* System initialization
+* Configuring PL subsystems
+* Triggering captures
+* Receiving data via DMA
+* Preparing data for processing and visualization
+
+The subsystem now includes an initial **FrFT-based processing chain** implemented in Simulink and targeted to the RFSoC Processing System (PS).
+
+Current work focuses on:
+
+* Algorithm validation
+* Code generation
+* Hardware integration
+* Performance characterization
+
+while maintaining reliable data acquisition and host interaction.
+
+---
+
+## Responsibilities
+
+### Control & Initialization
+
+* Configure PL parameters:
+
+  * Tx waveform configuration
+  * Capture parameters (nFrames, etc.)
+* Initialize DMA and memory buffers
+* Manage system startup
+
+---
+
+### Trigger & Capture
+
+* Generates capture trigger (software-controlled)
+* Controls DPW acquisition timing
+* Each trigger initiates one DPW capture
+
+---
+
+### DMA Handling
+
+* AXI4-Stream → DMA (S2MM)
+* Receives **128-bit stream** (4 samples per clock)
+* Stores data in PS DDR memory
+
+Configuration:
+
+* Frame size: 512 samples
+* nFrames: configurable (validated up to 1024)
+
+---
+
+## Data Format
+
+### Raw DMA Data
+
+* Packed complex samples
+* 16-bit real + 16-bit imag per sample
+* 4 samples per 128-bit word
+
+---
+
+### Processing Representation
+
+Data is unpacked and reshaped into:
+
+```text
+[FrameSize x nFrames x nTriggers]
+```
+
+or, for processing purposes,
+
+```text
+[FrameSize x nFrames]
+```
+
+representing a single DPW.
+
+---
+
+## Processing Pipeline (Current)
+
+```text
+DMA
+    ↓
+Unpack samples (I/Q separation)
+    ↓
+Convert to complex representation
+    ↓
+Reshape into DPW matrix
+    ↓
+Processing Path Selection
+
+    Path A:
+        Polyphase Filter Bank (PFB)
+            ↓
+        Power Spectrum
+
+    Path B:
+        FFT
+            ↓
+        Power Spectrum
+
+    Path C:
+        FrFT
+            ↓
+        Mean Power Spectrum
+
+    ↓
+Visualization / Analysis
+```
+
+---
+
+## FrFT Processing Status
+
+A first FrFT processing implementation has been integrated into the PS subsystem.
+
+### Processing Flow
+
+```text
+DPW [512 x nFrames]
+        ↓
+Halfband Interpolation (2x)
+        ↓
+FrFT Coefficient Generation
+        ↓
+DPW-Aware FrFT Processing
+        ↓
+Mean Power Spectrum
+```
+
+### Software Structure
+
+```text
+codegen_fracFdpw/
+│
+├── fracF_init.m
+├── fracF_dpw.m
+├── TBc_fracFdpw.m
+└── TBm_fracFdpw.slx
+```
+
+### Validation Completed
+
+* DPW-aware FrFT implementation created
+* Verified against original `fracF_cg`
+* Bit-identical equivalence achieved
+* MATLAB testbench (TBc) created
+* Simulink model testbench (TBm) created
+* TBc ↔ TBm comparison automated
+* Bit-identical TBc ↔ TBm validation achieved
+* Standalone subsystem code generation validated
+* RFSoC PS integration completed
+
+### Current Status
+
+The implementation is functionally correct and integrated into the RFSoC processing chain.
+
+Current work is focused on:
+
+* Performance characterization
+* FrFT parameter optimization
+* Realistic pulse processing scenarios
+
+### Open Technical Questions
+
+The matched-order formulation used in the SPL simulations assumed:
+
+```text
+Observation Window = Pulse Duration
+```
+
+The receiver currently operates under a different condition:
+
+```text
+Observation Window < Pulse Duration
+```
+
+where only a portion of the pulse is processed by the FrFT.
+
+Additional investigation is required to determine:
+
+* Optimal FrFT order for partial-pulse observations
+* Practical DPW sizes
+* Trade-off between concentration and processing load
+* Deviation from idealized SPL simulation conditions
+
+### Current Limitations
+
+* Coefficients are regenerated every execution
+* No coefficient caching implemented
+* No NEON-specific optimization
+* Generated FFT kernels are used
+* Performance scales strongly with DPW size
+
+---
+
+## Validation Support
+
+Uses counter-based validation:
+
+* Real part → sample counter
+* Imag part → frame index
+
+Enables verification of:
+
+* Data continuity
+* Frame alignment
+* Correct ordering from DMA
+
+---
+
+## Execution Model
+
+* Triggered (event-based)
+* Burst capture (DPW)
+* Not continuous real-time streaming
+
+---
+
+## Performance Notes
+
+Current implementation prioritizes correctness and validation over optimization.
+
+Observations from RFSoC integration:
+
+* FrFT processing successfully executes on the RFSoC PS
+* nFrames = 64 executes responsively
+* nFrames = 1024 remains computationally expensive
+* Processing load scales approximately linearly with DPW size
+* Code generation and subsystem integration have been validated
+
+Current optimization candidates:
+
+* Coefficient caching when FrFT order remains unchanged
+* NEON vectorization
+* Alternative FFT implementations
+* DPW size optimization
+
+---
+
+## Role in System
+
+The PS currently serves as:
+
+* Control interface
+* Data acquisition manager
+* Signal processing platform
+* Algorithm development and validation environment
+
+Current processing capabilities include:
+
+* PFB-based spectral analysis
+* FFT-based spectral analysis
+* FrFT-based spectral analysis
+
+---
+
+## Future Work
+
+### FrFT
+
+* Matched-order optimization for realistic pulse captures
+* Performance profiling on RFSoC PS
+* Coefficient caching
+* NEON optimization
+* Detection processing after FrFT concentration
+
+### System
+
+* Timestamp integration
+* UDP streaming
+* Metadata extraction
+* Migration of computationally intensive functions to PL where appropriate
+
+---
+
+## 🔗 Related Components
+
+* [🏠 Project Home](../README.md)
+* [PL Tx Subsystem](pl_tx_subsystem.md)
+* [PL Rx Subsystem](pl_rx_subsystem.md)

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